1. Cách dùng

1.1 Hành động đã xảy ra ở quá khứ nhưng không rõ thời điểm

→ Quan trọng là kết quả, không quan trọng “khi nào”

John has traveled around the world.
(We don’t know when.)

I have seen that movie before.

 

1.2 Hành động xảy ra nhiều lần trong quá khứ

George has seen this movie three times.
She has visited Paris twice.

 

1.3 Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại

John has lived in that house for 20 years.
(He still lives there.)

John has lived in that house since 1984.

 

2. Công thức

2.1 Câu khẳng định (+)

S + have/has + V3/ed

I have finished my work.
She has finished her work.

2.2 Câu phủ định (-)

S + have/has + not + V3/ed

I have not finished.
She has not finished.

Viết tắt:
haven’t / hasn’t

2.3 Câu nghi vấn (?)

Have/Has + S + V3/ed?

Have you finished?
Has she finished?

 

3. Các từ thường đi kèm

3.1 Since và For

FOR + khoảng thời gian
for three days
for ten minutes
for twenty years

SINCE + mốc thời gian
since 1982
since January
since Monday

Ví dụ:
She has worked here for five years.
She has worked here since 2019.

 

3.2 Already (xong rồi) và Yet (chưa xong)

Already (câu khẳng định)

Vị trí:
have/has + already + V3
hoặc cuối câu

We have already written our reports.
We have written our reports already.

 

Yet (câu phủ định & nghi vấn)

Vị trí: cuối câu

We haven’t written our reports yet.
Have you written your reports yet?

 

Cấu trúc đặc biệt với yet

S + have/has + yet + to + V

John has yet to learn the material.
= John hasn’t learned the material yet.

 

3.3 Các cụm từ thời gian thường gặp

• Now that…
  Now that you have passed the TOEFL test, you can apply.
• So far / Until now / Till now
  So far the problem has not been resolved.
• Recently / Lately
  I have not seen him recently.
• Before (trước đây, đã từng)
  I have seen him before.
• once/three times/… (số lần)
  She has visited Paris twice.
• first/second… time (lần thứ mấy)
  This is the first time I have seen such a big market.

 

4. Ví dụ khác 

Ví dụ 1 (không rõ thời điểm)

(+) She has visited London.
(-) She hasn’t visited London.
(?) Has she visited London?

Ví dụ 2 (since / for)

(+) They have lived here for 10 years.
(-) They haven’t lived here for 10 years.
(?) Have they lived here for 10 years?

Ví dụ 3 (already / yet)

(+) I have already finished.
(-) I haven’t finished yet.
(?) Have you finished yet?

 

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Exercises – Bài tập