1. Chức năng

Ví dụ:

Dancing bored him.
Painting bored him.
Believing bored him.
Watching films on TV bored him.

 2. Cách dùng:

2.1. Verb + V-ing

Admit	Anticipate	Avoid
Appreciate	Consider	Delay
Defer	Deny	Detest
Dislike	Dread	Enjoy
Escape	Excuse	Fancy
Finish	Forgive	Like
Love	Imagine	Involve
Keep	Mind	Miss
Mention	Pardon	Prefer
Prevent	Postpone	Practice
Propose	Quit	Recollect
Resent	Recall	Resume
Resist	Risk	Remember
Forget	Suggest	Stop
Begin	Start	Understand
Discuss	Hate

Ví dụ:

• • He admitted taking the money.
  • Avoid over-eating.
  • He detests writing letters.
  • He didn’t want to risk getting wet.
  • I can’t understand his / him leaving his wife.
  • I appreciate your giving me so much of your time.
  • I appreciate being given this opportunity.

Lưu ý

excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent
→ không theo trực tiếp bởi gerund mà theo:

• • Possessive adjective / pronoun + gerund

  • Pronoun + preposition + gerund

Ví dụ:

Forgive my / me ringing you up so early.

Forgive me for ringing you up so early.

You can’t prevent his / him spending his own money.

You can’t prevent him from spending his own money.

2.2. Common phrasal verbs + V-ing

Phrasal verb	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ
carry on	(tiếp tục)	She carried on talking despite the noise.
end up	(rốt cuộc / cuối cùng)	He ended up working abroad.
give up	(từ bỏ)	She gave up smoking last year.
go round	(đi vòng quanh / lan truyền)	There is a rumor going round the office.
keep on	(tiếp tục)	He kept on asking the same question.
put off	(trì hoãn)	They put off the meeting until Friday.
set about	(bắt đầu làm gì)	She set about cleaning the house.

2.3. Expression + V-ing

1. 1. have fun / have a good time + V-ing
      have trouble / difficulty + V-ing
      have a hard time + V-ing
   2. spend + time/money + V-ing
      He spends 3 hours studying English every day.
   3. waste + time/money + V-ing
   4. sit + place + V-ing
      She sat at her desk writing a letter.
   5. stand + place + V-ing
   6. lie + place + V-ing
   7. can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist
      I can’t bear hearing his lies.
      I can’t stand seeing him here.
   8. it is no good / it is no use
      It’s no use phoning him at this time.
   9. there’s no point in …
   10. What’s the point of …
   11. be busy + V-ing
       My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen.
   12. be worth + V-ing
       This book is worth reading.
   13. be used to = get used to = be accustomed to + V-ing
   14. S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing
       = S + would rather + V + than + V

2.4. go + gerund

(Chỉ hoạt động cụ thể)

go fishing
go hunting
go bowling
go jogging

go shopping
go camping
go sightseeing
go sailing

go swimming
go dancing
go running

go hiking
go birdwatching
go boating
go canoeing
go mountain climbing

2.5. Preposition + Gerund

be excited about V-ing
be worried about V-ing
dream about / of V-ing
prevent someone from V-ing
be interested in V-ing
be tired of V-ing
insist on V-ing
think about V-ing
talk about V-ing
apologize for V-ing
instead of V-ing
look forward to V-ing
be familiar with V-ing

2.6.  The Perfect Gerund

Form: having + V3/V_ed

Dùng khi nói đến hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ

He was accused of having stolen her money.

He denied having been there.

2.7. The Passive Gerund

Form hiện tại: being + V3/V_ed
Form quá khứ: having been + V3/V_ed

Ví dụ

She hates being called a dull.

The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche.

I am interested in being given money by my mother.

He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper.

The safe showed no signs of having been touched.

2.8. V-ing (Gerund) làm chủ ngữ

Khi V-ing (gerund – danh động từ) dùng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ trong câu phải chia ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít.

Ví dụ

• • • Knowing her has made him what he is.
    • Not studying has caused him many problems.
    • Washing with special cream is recommended for scalp infection.
    • Being cordial is one of his greatest assets.
    • Writing many letters makes her happy.
    • Dieting is very popular today.

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Exercises – Bài tập

Bài 1. Xác định những từ gạch chân sau là Gerund hay là Present Participle) Viết G (nếu là danh động từ) và P (nếu là phân từ hiện tại).

1. 1. Reading English books every day improves your vocabulary. …………
   2. The boy running across the street is my cousin. …………
   3. She stopped talking when the teacher came in. …………
   4. The man sitting next to her is a famous writer. …………
   5. I’m not interested in watching horror movies. …………
   6. Having finished his homework, he went out to play. …………
   7. They kept laughing even after the joke was over. …………
   8. The girl wearing a red dress looks very beautiful. …………
   9. Cooking is one of my favorite hobbies. …………
   10. Be careful when crossing the street. …………
   11. I saw a dog chasing a cat down the road. …………
   12. She’s afraid of flying because she gets motion sickness. …………
   13. Studying late at night makes me tired in the morning. …………
   14. The man repairing your car is my uncle. …………
   15. After cleaning the house, I took a long rest. …………

Đáp án:

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
G	P	G	P	G	P	G	P	G	P	P	G	G	P	P

Bài 2. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form

1. 1. (Drive) __________ too fast, he was stopped by the police.
   2. She enjoys (read) __________ novels in her free time.
   3. (Finish) __________ her homework, Lan went out with her friends.
   4. He admitted (cheat) __________ in the final exam.
   5. (Live) __________ in the countryside for years, she knows all the local people.
   6. I’m not interested in (watch) __________ horror movies.
   7. (See) __________ the film before, I didn’t want to watch it again.
   8. The students practiced (speak) __________ English every day.
   9. After (work) __________ hard all day, he felt exhausted.
   10. (Forget) __________ his wallet at home, he had to borrow some money.
   11. I couldn’t help (laugh) __________ when I saw his funny expression.
   12. (Pass) __________ the exam, she celebrated with her friends.
   13. It’s no use (cry) __________ over spilt milk.
   14. He left without (say) __________ goodbye.
   15. (Wait) __________ for hours, they finally met the director.
   16. She is busy (prepare) __________ for the upcoming presentation.
   17. I remember (meet) __________ him at the conference last year.
   18. (Not receive) __________ a reply, she sent another email.
   19. There’s no point in (argue) __________ with him — he never listens!
   20. (Complete) __________ the project, we rewarded ourselves with a short trip.

Đáp án:

1. 1. Having driven too fast
   2. reading
   3. Having finished
   4. cheating
   5. Having lived
   6. watching
   7. Having seen
   8. speaking
   9. working
   10. Having forgotten
   11. laughing
   12. Having passed
   13. crying
   14. saying
   15. Having waited
   16. preparing
   17. meeting
   18. Not having received
   19. arguing
   20. Having completed

Bài 3: Chọn dạng đúng (Gerund hoặc Infinitive)

Điền dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc vào chỗ trống (Gerund hoặc Infinitive).

1. 1. She enjoys _______ (read) novels in her free time.

   2. They decided _______ (move) to a new city next month.

   3. He avoided _______ (mention) the incident during the meeting.

   4. I hope _______ (travel) to Europe next year.

   5. We finished _______ (clean) the house before the guests arrived.

Đáp án:

1. 1. reading

   2. to move

   3. mentioning

   4. to travel

   5. cleaning

Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu bằng cách sử dụng Gerund Phrase

Viết lại các câu sau sao cho cụm từ in đậm được thay thế bằng Gerund Phrase.

1. 1. To learn English is very important.

   2. His hobby is to play the guitar.

   3. To travel around the world is my dream.

   4. She enjoys to watch movies on weekends.

   5. To stay healthy requires a balanced diet.

Đáp án:

1. 1. Learning English is very important.

   2. His hobby is playing the guitar.

   3. Traveling around the world is my dream.

   4. She enjoys watching movies on weekends.

   5. Staying healthy requires a balanced diet.

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