1. See / Watch / Hear + O + V (bare infinitive)

Cấu trúc

S + see / watch / hear + O + V (nguyên thể không “to”)

Ý nghĩa

Hành động được chứng kiến từ đầu đến cuối, trọn vẹn.

Ví dụ

I heard the telephone ring and then John answered it.
→ Tôi nghe tiếng điện thoại reo (trọn vẹn hành động reo).

I saw him cross the street.
→ Tôi thấy anh ấy băng qua đường (từ lúc bắt đầu đến lúc sang bên kia).

She watched the children play in the garden.
→ Cô ấy xem bọn trẻ chơi (toàn bộ quá trình).

We heard the door slam.
→ Chúng tôi nghe tiếng cửa đóng sầm.

 

2. See / Watch / Hear + O + V-ing

Cấu trúc

S + see / watch / hear + O + V-ing

Ý nghĩa

Hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm, không nhất thiết thấy từ đầu đến cuối.

Ví dụ

I heard her singing when I came home.
→ Tôi nghe cô ấy đang hát (chỉ tại thời điểm đó).

I saw him crossing the street.
→ Tôi thấy anh ấy đang băng qua đường.

She watched the children playing in the yard.
→ Cô ấy nhìn thấy bọn trẻ đang chơi.

We heard someone knocking at the door.
→ Chúng tôi nghe ai đó đang gõ cửa.

 

3. Dạng bị động

Khi chuyển sang bị động, phải thêm “to” trước động từ nguyên thể.

Cấu trúc

O + be + seen/heard/watched + to V

Ví dụ

Active: They saw him leave the building.
Passive: He was seen to leave the building.

Active: We heard her sing.
Passive: She was heard to sing.

Lưu ý: Nếu dùng V-ing thì vẫn giữ nguyên dạng V-ing trong bị động.

Active: They saw him running away.
Passive: He was seen running away.

 

4. Các động từ tương tự

Ngoài see, watch, hear, còn có:

• • notice

  • observe

  • feel

  • listen to (ít dùng theo mẫu này, thường dùng V-ing)

  • smell (trong một số trường hợp)

Ví dụ:

• • I noticed him enter the room.
  • I noticed him entering the room.
  • She felt the ground shake.
  • We observed the suspect leave the house.

 

 

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Exercises – Bài tập

Exercise 1: Fill in the blank

1. 1. They were seen ………. (play) in the park.
   2. The concert was seen ………. (start) on time.
   3. She was noticed ………. (run) in the marathon.
   4. The chef was ………. (watch) cook the meal from scratch.
   5. The students were ………. (observe) complete their exams.

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer

1. They were seen ………. (play) in the park.

A. to play

B. playing

C. play

2. She was heard ………. (sing) at the concert.

A. singing

B. to sing

C. sing

3. He was noticed ………. (read) a book while waiting for the bus.

A. to read

B. reading

C. read

4. The chef was watched ………. (prepare) the meal from scratch.

A. preparing

B. prepare

C. to prepare

5. The scientist was observed ………. (conduct) the experiment in the laboratory.

A. conducting

B. to conduct

C. conduct

Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences

1. 1. The audience watched the performer dance gracefully on stage.

=> …………………………………………………………….

1. 2. We saw the dog chase the ball across the yard.

=> …………………………………………………………….

1. 3. She heard the baby cry loudly during the night.

=> …………………………………………………………….

1. 4. He observed the artist paint a beautiful landscape.

=> …………………………………………………………….

1. 5. They noticed the kids build a sandcastle on the beach.

=> …………………………………………………………….

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